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Rosh Chodesh or Rosh Hodesh ((ヘブライ語:ראש חודש); trans. ''Beginning of the Month''; lit. ''Head of the Month'') is the name for the first day of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon. It is considered a minor holiday, akin to the intermediate days of Passover, Yom Kippur and Rosh HaShanah.〔Kosofsky, Scott-Martin. ''The Book of Customs: A Complete Handbook for the Jewish Year.'' San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 2004. p.91〕 ==Origin== The Book of Exodus establishes the beginning of the Hebrew calendar: "And the LORD spoke unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying: 'This month shall mark for you the beginning of the months; it shall be the first of the months of the year for you.'" (12:1-2)〔All passages from the Torah are taken from ''The JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh, Second Edition.'' Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2003.〕 In the Book of Numbers, God speaks of the celebration of the new moon to Moses: "And on your joyous occasions - your fixed festivals and new moon days - you shall sound the trumpets over your burnt offerings and your sacrifices of well-being." (10:10) In Psalm 81:3 both new and full moon are mentioned as a time of recognition by the Hebrews. The occurrence of Rosh Chodesh was originally confirmed on the testimony of witnesses observing the new moon.〔Mishnah ''Rosh Hashanah'' 1〕 After the Sanhedrin declared Rosh Chodesh for either a full month or a defective, 29-day month, news of it would then be communicated throughout Israel and the diaspora. A custom was developed in which an additional day could be added to the month to ensure that certain holidays (such as Yom Kippur) did not fall on the days before or after Shabbat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rosh Chodesh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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